Birefringence

Edit and compile if you like:

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\documentclass[border=3pt]{standalone}
% Drawing
\usepackage{tikz}
%Notation
\usepackage{amsmath}
% Tikz Library 
\usetikzlibrary{angles, quotes, shapes, decorations.markings, calc, arrows.meta}
% Styles
%% Node Style in Order Text to Get Center Alignment
\tikzset{every text node part/.style={align=center}}
%% Main Ray Style
\tikzset{ray/.style = {postaction=decorate,decoration={markings,
                         mark=at position .49 with \arrow{stealth},
                         mark=between positions 0.1 and 0.4 step 0.5cm with with{
                         \draw[fill=red, draw = red] circle[radius=1pt];
                         \draw[red, {Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}-{Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}] (0,-7pt) -- (0,7pt);},
                         mark=between positions 0.6 and 0.9 step 0.5cm with with{
                         \draw[fill=red, draw = red] circle[radius=1pt];
                         \draw[red, {Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}-{Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}] (0,-7pt) -- (0,7pt);}
                                                        }
                         }
        }   
%% Bottom Ray Inside Box
\tikzset{rayE1/.style = {postaction=decorate,decoration={markings,
                         mark=at position .52 with \arrow{stealth},
                         mark=between positions 0.65 and 0.9 step 0.7cm with with{
                         \draw[red, {Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}-{Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}] (0,-7pt) -- (0,7pt);
                         \draw[fill=black!10, draw = black!10] circle[radius=1pt];}
                                                        }
                         }
        }
%% Bottom Ray Outside Box
\tikzset{rayE2/.style = {postaction=decorate,decoration={markings,
                         mark=at position .52 with \arrow{stealth},
                         mark=between positions 0.1 and 0.4 step 0.54cm with with{
                         \draw[red, {Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}-{Latex[length=1.3mm, width=1.5mm]}] (0,-7pt) -- (0,7pt);
                         \draw[fill=white, draw = white] circle[radius=1pt];},
 
 
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