Main Coordinate Systems

For more figures related to the definition of coordinate systems, please have a look at the “coordinates” tag.

Edit and compile if you like:

\documentclass[border=2pt]{standalone}

% Drawing
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}

% Styles
\tikzset{>=latex}

\begin{document}

% Cartesian Coordinates	
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3, tdplot_main_coords]
    \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
    \tdplotsetcoord{P}{1}{30}{60}
    \draw plot [mark=*, mark size=0.2] (P) node [right] {\scriptsize$(x,y,z)$}; 
    \draw[dashed] (O) -- (P);
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (O) -- (Pxy);
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (P) -- (Pxy);
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (P) -- (Pz) node [below left] {$z$};
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (Pxy) -- (Px) node [left] {$x$};
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (Pxy) -- (Py) node [above] {$y$};
\end{tikzpicture}

% Polar Coordinates
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3, tdplot_main_coords]
    \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
    \tdplotsetcoord{P}{1}{30}{60}
    \draw plot [mark=*, mark size=0.2] (P) node [right] {\scriptsize$(\rho,\phi,z)$};
    \draw[dashed] (O) -- (P);
    \draw[->, thick, color=black] (O) -- (Pxy) node [below right] {$\rho$};
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (P) -- (Pxy);
    \tdplotdrawarc{(O)}{0.2}{0}{60}{anchor=north}{$\phi$}
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (P) -- (Pz) node [below left] {$z$};
\end{tikzpicture}
	
% Spherical Coordinates
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3, tdplot_main_coords]
    \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
    \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
    \tdplotsetcoord{P}{1}{30}{60}
    \draw plot [mark=*, mark size=0.2] (P) node [right] {\scriptsize$(r,\theta,\phi)$};
    \draw[->, thick] (O) -- (P) node [midway, below right] {$r$};
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (O) -- (Pxy);
    \draw[dashed, color=black] (P) -- (Pxy);
    \tdplotdrawarc{(O)}{0.2}{0}{60}{anchor=north}{$\phi$}
    \tdplotsetthetaplanecoords{60}
    \tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.4}{0}%
        {30}{anchor=south}{$\theta$}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}