Electric field of a sphere & Gauss’s law

Electric field of point charge, charged sphere and charged, spherical conductor using Gauss’s law.

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% Author: Izaak Neutelings (Februari, 2020)
% page 8 https://archive.org/details/StaticAndDynamicElectricity
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/56353/extract-x-y-coordinate-of-an-arbitrary-point-on-curve-in-tikz
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/412899/tikz-calculate-and-store-the-euclidian-distance-between-two-coordinates
\documentclass[border=3pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath} % for \dfrac
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{physics}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usepackage[outline]{contour} % glow around text
\usetikzlibrary{angles,quotes} % for pic (angle labels)
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,intersections} % for path name
\tikzset{>=latex} % for LaTeX arrow head
\contourlength{1.8pt}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{Ecol}{orange!90!black}
\colorlet{EcolFL}{orange!80!black}
\colorlet{veccol}{green!45!black}
\colorlet{EFcol}{red!60!black}
\colorlet{pluscol}{red!60!black}
\colorlet{minuscol}{blue!60!black}
\colorlet{gausscol}{green!50!black!80}
\tikzstyle{charged}=[top color=blue!20,bottom color=blue!40,shading angle=10]
\tikzstyle{charge+}=[very thin,draw=black,top color=red!80,bottom color=red!80!black,shading angle=-5]
\tikzstyle{charge-}=[very thin,draw=black,top color=blue!50,bottom color=blue!70!white!90!black,shading angle=10]
\tikzstyle{darkcharged}=[very thin,top color=blue!60,bottom color=blue!80,shading angle=10]
\tikzstyle{gauss surf}=[green!40!black,top color=green!2,bottom color=green!80!black!70,shading angle=5,fill opacity=0.6]
\tikzstyle{gauss dark}=[green!40!black,fill=green!40!black!70,fill opacity=0.8]
\tikzstyle{gauss line}=[green!40!black]
\tikzstyle{gauss dashed line}=[green!60!black!80,dashed,line width=0.2]
\tikzstyle{vector}=[->,thick,veccol]
\tikzstyle{normalvec}=[->,thick,blue!80!black!80]
\tikzstyle{EField}=[->,thick,Ecol]
\tikzstyle{EField dashed}=[dashed,Ecol,line width=0.6]
\tikzset{
  EFieldLine/.style={thick,EcolFL,decoration={markings,
                     mark=at position #1 with {\arrow{latex}}},
                     postaction={decorate}},
 
 
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