Polarizer-Analyser

Edit and compile if you like:

\documentclass{standalone}

% Drawing 
\usepackage{tikz}

% Tikz Library
\usetikzlibrary{3d, shapes.multipart, angles, quotes}

% Tikz Styles
\tikzset{>=latex}
\tikzset{axis/.style={black, very thick, ->}}
\tikzset{ef/.style={very thick, red}}
\tikzset{vec/.style={black, -{Latex[length=0.8mm]}}}
\tikzset{every text node part/.style={align=center}}

% New Command
%% Draw Line in Poar Coordinates from (0,0) to (r, theta)
\newcommand{\cdraw}[2]{\draw[very thick, -stealth, red] (0,0) -- ({#1*cos(#2)}, {#1*sin(#2)});}
%% Rectangles
%%%Viewing Screen
\newcommand{\rect}[1]{%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!40] (#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!25](#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=#1]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!10] (-1.2,-1.2) rectangle (1.2,1.2);
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!10, dashed] (-{0.8*cos(45)}, -{0.8*sin(45)}) -- ({0.8*cos(45)}, {0.8*sin(45)});
	\end{scope}
}
%%% Polarizer
\newcommand{\polarizer}[2]{%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!40] (#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!25](#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=#1]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!10] (-1.2,-1.2) rectangle (1.2,1.2);
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=white] (0,0) coordinate (B) circle (0.8cm);
		\draw[line join=round, thick] (-{0.8*cos(#2)}, -{0.8*sin(#2)}) -- ({0.8*cos(#2)},{0.8*sin(#2)}) coordinate (A);
		\draw[line join=round, dashed, thick] (0,-0.8) -- (0,0.8) coordinate (C);
		\pic[line join=round, draw, thick, "$\theta_\pi$", angle radius=0.2cm, angle eccentricity=2.2] {angle = A--B--C};
	\end{scope}
}
%%% Analyser
\newcommand{\analizer}[2]{%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!40] (#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!25](#1,-1.2) rectangle (#1+0.2,1.2);
	\end{scope}
	%
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=#1]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!10] (-1.2,-1.2) rectangle (1.2,1.2);
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=white] (0,0) coordinate (B) circle (0.8cm);
		\draw[line join=round, thick] (-{0.8*cos(#2)}, -{0.8*sin(#2)}) -- ({0.8*cos(#2)},{0.8*sin(#2)}) coordinate (A);
		\draw[line join=round, dashed, thick] (0,-0.8) -- (0,0.8) coordinate (C);
		\pic[line join=round, draw, thick, "$\theta_\alpha$", angle radius=0.24cm, angle eccentricity=2.2] {angle = A--B--C};
	\end{scope}
}
%%% Laser
\newcommand{\laser}[1]{%
\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=#1+1.2]
		\draw[line join=round, fill=black!20] (-0.2,-0.2) rectangle (0.2,0.2);
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=0.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!40] (#1,-0.2) rectangle (#1+1.2,0.2);
		\node[rotate=22] at (0.6#1,0) {\tiny \textrm Laser $\mathrm{He}$-$\mathrm{Ne}$};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0.2]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!25] (#1,-0.2) rectangle (#1+1.2,0.2);
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=#1]
		\draw[line join=round, thick, fill=black!15] (-0.2,-0.2) rectangle (0.2,0.2);
\end{scope}
%
}

% Notation
\usepackage{amsmath} 

\begin{document}

%Layers
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer1}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer2}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer3}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer4}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer5}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer6}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer7}
\pgfdeclarelayer{layer8}

\pgfsetlayers{main, layer8, layer7, layer6, layer5, layer4, layer3, layer2, layer1}

\begin{tikzpicture}[x={(1cm,0.4cm)}, y={(8mm, -3mm)}, z={(0cm,1cm)}, line cap=round, line join=round]
	
%	% Main Axes
%	\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (12,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
%	\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,2,0) node[below left] {$y$};
%	\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,2) node[above] {$z$};
	
	% Big Axis 
	\draw[axis] (-1,0,0) -- (12.5,0,0);
		
	% Laser
	\laser{-2.3}
		
	% Polarizers
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer1}
		\polarizer{2}{0}
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer3}
		\analizer{6}{45}
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer8}
		\rect{10}
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	
	% Polarizer Analiyzer and Rect
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=2]
		\node[rotate=-20] at (0.5,1.8) {\small{Polarizer}};
	\end{scope}
	
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=6]
		\node[rotate=-20] at (0.5,1.8) {\small{Analyser}};
	\end{scope}
	
	\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=10]
		\node[rotate=-20] at (0.5,1.8) {\small{Viewing Screen}};
	\end{scope}
	
	% Polarization Planes
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer1}
		
		\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
			\draw[latex-] (2,0.6) to[out=160, in=270] (2,3) node[right, yshift=-3pt] {\small{Polarization Plane}\\[-0.5mm]\small{of Polarizer}};
		\end{scope}
	
		\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=-0.16]
			\draw[latex-] (5.85,-0.07) to[out=130, in=270] (6,3) node[right, yshift=-3pt] {\small{Polarization Plane}\\[-0.5mm]\small{of Analyser}};
		\end{scope}
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	
	% Electric Field
	%% Physical Light
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer1}
		\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=0]
			\foreach \i in {0,45,...,315}
			{
				\cdraw{0.8}{\i}
			}		
		\end{scope}		
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	%% Linear Polarization
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer2}
		\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=4]
			\node at (0,1.4) {$I_1$};
		\end{scope}
		\foreach \i in {3,3.5,...,5.5}
		{
			\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=\i]
				\cdraw{0.8}{90}
				\cdraw{0.8}{270}
			\end{scope}
		}
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	%% Slanted Linear Polarization
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer4}
		\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=8.5]
			\draw[dashed] (0,-0.8) -- (0,0.8);
			\coordinate (A) at ({0.8*cos(45)},{0.8*sin(45)});
			\coordinate (B) at (0,0);
			\coordinate (C) at (0,0.8); 
			\pic[draw,  "$\theta_\alpha$", angle radius=0.3cm, angle eccentricity=2.2, pic text options={xshift=-1pt}] {angle = A--B--C};
		\end{scope}
		\foreach \i in {7,7.5,...,9.5}
		{
			\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=\i]
				\cdraw{0.8}{45}
				\cdraw{0.8}{225}
			\end{scope}
	
		}		
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	
	% Nodes
	\node at (0,0,1.3) {$I_o$};
	\node at (7.8,0,0.8) {$I_2$};
	\node[rotate=23] at (12.1,0,-0.7) {\small{Polarization}\\[-0.5mm]\small{Direction}};
	
	% Refinements to Look 3D
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer1}
		\draw[very thick] (1,0,0) -- (2,0,0);
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer3}
		\draw[very thick] (4.5,0,0) -- (6,0,0);
	\end{pgfonlayer}
	\begin{pgfonlayer}{layer6}
		\draw[line cap=round, very thick] (9,0,0) -- (10,0,0);
	\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}