Polar Coordinates in 2D Plane

For more figures related to the definition of coordinate systems, please have a look at the “coordinates” tag.

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\documentclass[border=3pt]{standalone}
%Drawing
\usepackage{tikz}
%Tikz Library
\usetikzlibrary{angles, quotes, intersections}
%Notation
\usepackage{physics}
\usepackage{bm}
\begin{document}
    
    \begin{tikzpicture}
%       %Grid
%       \draw[thin, dotted] (0,0) grid (8,8);
%       \foreach \i in {1,...,8}
%       {
%           \node at (\i,-2ex) {\i};    
%       }
%       \foreach \i in {1,...,8}
%       {
%           \node at (-2ex,\i) {\i};    
%       }
%       \node at (-2ex,-2ex) {0};
        
        %Coordinates        
        \coordinate (A) at (6,0);
        \coordinate (B) at (0,0);
        \coordinate (C) at (2.5,2.5);
        \coordinate (B') at (2.5,3.5);
        \coordinate (A') at (1.8,3.2);
        
        %Axis
        \draw[thick,-latex] (-1ex,0) -- (6,0) node [below] {$x$};
        \draw[thick,-latex] (0,-1ex) -- (0,5) node [left] {$y$};
        
        %Vectors
        \draw[thick] (0,0) -- (2.5,2.5) node[pos=0.6, above left] {$\varpi$};
        \draw[thick, red, -latex] (2.5,2.5) -- (3.2,3.2) node[pos=1.2] {$\vu*{\varpi}$};
 
 
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