Z + jets production in proton collisions

The production of a Z boson with jets in a hard scattering (HS) event in proton-proton collisions, illustrating also the beam-beam remnants (BBR), initial-state radiation (ISR), final-state radiation (FSR), double parton scattering (DPS), fragmentation/hadronization, hadron decay, photon conversion.

This diagram was previously published in Chapter 4 of Experimental Particle Physics.

Edit and compile if you like:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[graphics, active, tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}

\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}

\tikzset{
  node1/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=red},
  quark/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=red},
  gluon/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=blue},
  lepton/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=olive, draw=none},
  photon/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=orange, draw=none},
  Zbos/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=green!85!black},
  uhadron/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=red!30},
  hadron/.style={circle, minimum size=0.2cm, draw, very thick, fill=violet!75, draw=none},
  photonline/.style={decorate, decoration={snake}, draw=orange},
  lepline/.style={draw=olive, postaction={decorate},
    decoration={markings,mark=at position .85 with {\arrow[draw=olive]{>}}}},
  zline/.style={draw=green!65!black, postaction={decorate},
    decoration={markings,mark=at position .75 with {\arrow[draw=green!65!black]{>}}}},	
  qline/.style={draw=red, postaction={decorate},
    decoration={markings,mark=at position .5 with {\arrow[draw=red]{>}}}},	
  hline/.style={draw=violet, postaction={decorate},
    decoration={markings,mark=at position .9 with {\arrow[draw=violet]{>}}}},		
  gluonline/.style={decorate, draw=blue,
    decoration={coil,amplitude=4pt, segment length=5pt}}
}


\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}


%\draw[show grid integer coordinates] (-6,-6) grid (5,5);

%protons
\draw [fill=gray](-4,0) ellipse (0.5cm and 1cm);
\draw [fill=gray](4,0) ellipse (0.5cm and 1cm);
\coordinate (p1) at (-4,0);
\coordinate (p2) at (4,0); 
\coordinate (o) at (0,0); 

\node(lab) at (-4,-1.3){Proton};
\node(lab) at (4,-1.3){Proton};

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
%HS
\draw [qline, thick] (p1) -- (o); 
\draw [qline, thick] (p2) -- (o); 

\node[draw=none] (pq1) at (-3,0) {};
\node[draw=none] (pq2) at (3,0) {};

\node[star,draw, fill=lightgray, star points=9, label=below:HS] (ip) at (0,0) {};
   
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%      
%Primary jet

\node[quark] (q0) at (0.5, 0.8) {};
\node[] (q1) at (1.5, 2.3) {};
\node[gluon] (g1) at (1.7, 1.6) {};

\draw [qline, thick] (o) -- (q0); 
\draw [qline, thick] (q0) -- (1.6,2.9);
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (1.6,2.85) {};
\draw [gluonline] (0.8,1.2) -- (g1);

\draw [qline, thick] (g1) -- (2.2,3.0); 
\draw [qline, thick] (g1) -- (3.3,2.3); 
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (2.2,2.95) {};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (3.2,2.25) {};

\node[gluon, scale=0.7] () at (1.0, 2.95) {};
\draw [gluonline] (0.66,1.1) -- (1.0, 3);

\node[gluon, scale=0.7] () at (3.05,2.75) {};
\draw [gluonline] (2.5, 2) -- (3.1,2.8);

\node[gluon, scale=0.7] (g4) at (0.1,3.2) {};
\draw [gluonline] (0.6,1.5) -- (g4);

%Hadrons
%\draw [dotted, fill=red!15] plot [smooth cycle] %
%    coordinates {(0.3,3.7)(2.5,3.5)(4.2,2.8)};

\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=110] (1.2,-4.1) ellipse (0.5cm and 0.1cm); 
\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick,rotate=165] (0,-3.4) ellipse (1.0cm and 0.1cm);  
\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=165] (-1.4,-3.7) ellipse (0.3cm and 0.1cm); 

\node[uhadron](ph11) at (1.2, 3.75){};
\node[hadron](ph12) at (0.5, 4.5){};
\node[hadron](ph13) at (1.7, 3.65){};
\draw [hline, thick] (1, 3.4) -- (ph11); 
\draw [hline, thick] (0.35, 3.55) -- (ph12); 
\draw [hline, thick] (1.5, 3.2) -- (ph13); 

\node[photon] (yp1) at (0.1, 4.5) {};
\draw [photonline, thick] (0.35, 3.7) -- (yp1); 

\node[hadron](ph111) at (1., 4.4){};
\node[hadron](ph112) at (1.4, 4.4){};
\node[hadron](ph113) at (1.8,4.3){};

\draw [hline, thick] (ph11) -- (ph111); 
\draw [hline, thick] (ph11) -- (ph112); 
\draw [hline, thick] (ph11) -- (ph113);

\node[uhadron](ph21) at (2.5, 3.8){};
\draw [hline, thick] (2.3,3.3) -- (ph21);
\node[hadron](ph211) at (2.8, 4.5){};
\node[hadron](ph212) at (2.3, 4.45){};
\draw [hline, thick] (ph21) -- (ph211); 
\draw [hline, thick] (ph21) -- (ph212);

\node[hadron](ph22) at (2.8, 3.5){};
\draw [hline, thick] (2.5, 3.25) -- (ph22);


\node[hadron](ph31) at (3.9,3.1){}; 
\node[hadron](ph32) at (4.1,2.7){};
\node[hadron](ph33) at (4.2,2.2){};
\draw [hline, thick] (3.45,2.8) -- (ph31);    
\draw [hline, thick] (3.6,2.5) -- (ph32);  
\draw [hline, thick] (3.65,2.2) -- (ph33);    

\node[photon] (yp2) at (3.5, 1.5) {};
\draw [photonline, thick] (2.1, 1.75) -- (yp2);  


\node(lab) at (2,1.2){FSR};   
%\node(lab) at (-1.3,3.6){Fragmentation};  
%\node(lab) at (-1.3,3.3){/hadronisation};    
\node(lab) at (4,4.1){Hadron decay};  

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
%ISR
\node[gluon] (ig) at (-1.2,0.8) {};
\draw [gluonline] (-1.8,0) -- (ig);

\draw [qline, thick] (ig) -- (-0.9,1.6);
\draw [qline, thick] (ig) -- (-0.5,1.3);   
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (-0.9,1.5) {};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (-0.55,1.2) {};

%Hadrons
%\draw [dotted, fill=red!15] plot [smooth cycle] %
%    coordinates {(-1.2, 1.9)(-0.4, 1.7)(0,1.2)};

\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=142] (1.4,-0.9) ellipse (0.5cm and 0.1cm);  

%Decay hadrons  
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](ih1) at (-0.5, 2.1){};
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](ih2) at (-0.1, 1.8){};
\draw [hline, thick] (-0.7, 1.8) -- (ih1); 
\draw [hline, thick] (-0.3,1.5) -- (ih2);  

\node[photon] (ip2) at (-1, -0.5) {};
\draw [photonline, thick] (-2.6,0) -- (ip2);   

\node(lab) at (-1,0.3){ISR}; 
\node(lab) at (-2.1,-0.6){QED ISR}; 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
%BBR
\draw [qline, thick] (4,-0.2) -- (2.1,-0.3); 
\draw [gluonline] (4,-0.4) -- (2.3,-0.9);
\draw [qline, thick] (-4,0.4) -- (-2.95,0.9);
\draw [qline, thick] (4,0.2) -- (2.1,0.3);  

\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (2.15,-0.3) {}; 
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (-3.05,0.85) {};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (2.2,0.3) {}; 
\node[gluon, scale=0.7] () at (2.35,-0.9) {};

\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=25] (-2.1,2.1) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm); 
\draw [pattern=north west lines, very thick] (1.90,0.35) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm); 
\draw [pattern=north west lines, very thick] (2.05,-.95) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm); 
\draw [pattern=north west lines, very thick] (1.85,-0.35) ellipse (0.1cm and 0.3cm); 


\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh1) at (1.4, 0.5){};
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh2) at (1.4, 0.2){};
\draw [hline, thick] (1.8, 0.5) -- (bh1); 
\draw [hline, thick] (1.8, 0.2) -- (bh2); 

\node[uhadron, scale=0.7](bh3) at (1.3, -0.5){};
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh4) at (1.3, -0.2){};
\draw [hline, thick] (1.8, -0.5) -- (bh3); 
\draw [hline, thick] (1.8, -0.2) -- (bh4);  

\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh9) at (0.8, -0.3){};
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh10) at (0.8, -0.7){};
\draw [hline, thick] (bh3) -- (bh9); 
\draw [hline, thick] (bh3) -- (bh10);  

\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh5) at (1.5, -0.8){};
\node[hadron,scale=0.7](bh6) at (1.5, -1.2){};
\draw [hline, thick] (1.95, -0.85) -- (bh5); 
\draw [hline, thick] (1.95, -1.1) -- (bh6);  

\node[hadron,scale=0.7](bh7) at (-2.2, 0.9){};
\node[uhadron,scale=0.7](bh8) at (-2.35,1.5){};
\draw [hline, thick] (-2.6, 0.85) -- (bh7); 
\draw [hline, thick] (-2.75, 1.2) -- (bh8); 

\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh11) at (-1.9, 2){};
\node[hadron, scale=0.7](bh12) at (-1.6, 1.6){};
\draw [hline, thick] (bh8) -- (bh11); 
\draw [hline, thick] (bh8) -- (bh12);  

\node(lab) at (2.7,0.6){BBR};  

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
%Z production, decay, and photon radiation   

\node[Zbos] (z) at (-1.2,-1.7) {};
\node[lepton] (l1) at (-2.6, -2.7) {};
\node[lepton] (l2) at (-1.6, -3.3) {};
\node[photon] (y) at (-3.1, -2.2) {};

\draw [zline, thick] (o) -- (z); 

\draw [lepline, thick] (z) -- (l1) node (ys) [midway]{};
\draw [lepline, thick] (z) -- (l2); 

\draw [photonline, thick] (ys) -- (y);


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
%DPI

\coordinate (s) at (1.5,-2); 
\node[draw=none] (spq1) at (-4,-0.4) {};
\node[draw=none] (spq2) at (4,-0.6) {};

\draw [qline, thick] (spq1) -- (s); 
\draw [gluonline] (spq2) -- (s); 

\node[star,draw, fill=teal!90!gray, star points=9, scale=0.8, label=below right:DPS] (dps) at (s) {};  

\draw [qline, thick] (dps) -- (0.26, -4.8) node (dn1) [midway]{}; 
\draw [qline, thick] (dps) -- (2.2, -4.2) node (dn2) [midway]{};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (0.28, -4.7) {};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (2.15, -4.15) {};

\node[gluon](sg1) at (0,-3.8){};  
\draw [gluonline] (0.95,-3.1) -- (sg1);

\draw [qline, thick] (sg1) -- (-0.75, -4.2); 
\draw [qline, thick] (sg1) -- (-0.1, -4.55);

\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (-0.65, -4.15) {};
\node[quark, scale=0.7] () at (-0.1, -4.45) {};

\node[gluon, scale=0.7](sg2) at (1.55,-4.35){};
\node[gluon, scale=0.7](sg3) at (2.6,-4){};
\draw [gluonline] (dn2) -- (sg2);
\draw [gluonline] (dn2) -- (sg3);

%Hadrons
%\draw [dotted, fill=red!15] plot [smooth cycle] %
%    coordinates {(-1.2,-4.4) (-0.3,-5)(0.7,-5.1)};

%\draw [dotted, fill=red!15] plot [smooth cycle] %
%    coordinates {(1.5,-4.5) (2.4,-4.7)(3.1,-4.4)};	

\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=-30] (1.9,-4.2) ellipse (0.9cm and 0.1cm);
\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick, rotate=20] (0.6,-4.9) ellipse (0.7cm and 0.1cm);

%Decay hadrons  
\node[uhadron](dh1) at (-0.9, -5.1){};
\node[hadron](dh2) at (-1.4, -4.8){};
\node[hadron](dh3) at (-0.3,-5.4){};
\draw [hline, thick] (-0.6, -4.7) -- (dh1); 
\draw [hline, thick] (-1.1,-4.4) -- (dh2);  
\draw [hline, thick] (-0.2,-4.9) -- (dh3);  	

\node[hadron](dh4) at (2.8, -4.8){};
\node[uhadron](dh5) at (2.0, -5){};
\draw [hline, thick] (2.6, -4.4) -- (dh4); 
\draw [hline, thick] (2.0,-4.65) -- (dh5);  


\node[hadron](dh6) at (-1.5, -5.5){};
\node[hadron](dh7) at (-0.8, -5.8){};
\draw [hline, thick] (dh1) -- (dh6); 
\draw [hline, thick] (dh1) -- (dh7);   


\node[hadron](dh8) at (1.8, -5.7){};
\node[hadron](dh9) at (2.4, -5.6){};

\draw [hline, thick] (dh5) -- (dh8); 
\draw [hline, thick] (dh5) -- (dh9);   

\node[photon] (dp) at (3.2, -3.6) {};
\draw [photonline, thick] (2.3, -3.4) -- (dp); 

\node[lepton] (dl1) at (3.8, -3.4) {};
\node[lepton] (dl2) at (3.6, -4.1) {};
\draw [lepline, thick] (dp) -- (dl1);
\draw [lepline, thick] (dp) -- (dl2); 

\node(lab) at (3.3,-2.7){Photon}; 
\node(lab) at (3.4,-3.0){conversion}; 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Legends

\node[quark, label=right:Quarks] at (-5.5, -2.8){};
\node[gluon, label=right:Gluons] at (-5.5, -3.3){};
\node[hadron, label=right:Stable hadrons] at (-5.5, -4.3){};
%\draw [fill=red!30,very thick] (-5.5,-3.8) ellipse (.25cm and 0.15cm);
\node[uhadron, label=right:Unstable hadrons] at (-5.5, -3.8){};
\node[photon, label=right:Photons] at (-5.5, -5.8){};
\node[Zbos, label=right:$Z$-boson] at (-5.5, -4.8){};
\node[lepton, label=right:Leptons] at (-5.5, -5.3){};

\draw [pattern=north west lines,very thick] (-5.5,3.2) ellipse (.25cm and 0.15cm);
\node(lab) at (-4,3.4){Fragmentation};  
\node(lab) at (-4,3.0){/hadronisation};   

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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